Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Carl Friedrich Zelter und „die musikaUsche Malerey"

Abstract

In the letters exchanged between Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Carl Friedrich Zelter the discussion concerning the so-called aesthetic of imitation (mimesis) on the one hand and the problem of "through composition" on the other occupies a prominent position. The example of the ballade, Johanna Sebus, and its setting by Zelter illustrates clearly Goethe's opinions on the possibilities of "musical painting". It also becomes evident that the poet was quite willing to forego the strophic scheme of a Lied setting in the interests of individual treatment of the text, in this case even to the extent of approving a form which approaches that of the cantata, complete with vocal ensemble. The numerous passages from the introductory chorus of Johann Sebastian Bach's St. Matthew Passion which Zelter incorporated into his setting permit further insight into the aesthetic values of the composer. They also document the fact that Zelter had familiarized himself with Bach's works much earlier than is generally supposed.